Referenzen
- The Tobacco Atlas / American Cancer Society and Vital Strategies. Online Dokument. Eingesehen am 15.4.2021
- WHO (2017). Tobacco and its environmental impact: An Overview. Genf: Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation. S. 38
- nicht publiziertes Nebenergebnis von: Gellenbeck, K. & Reuter, R. (2020). Ermittlung von Mengenanteilen und Kosten für die Sammlung und Entsorgung von Einwegkunststoffprodukten im öffentlichen Raum. Ahlen: INFA-Institut für Abfall, Abwasser und Infrastruktur- Management GmbH
- Institut für empirische Sozialforschung (IFES) im Auftrag der Magistratsabteilung 48 der Stadt Wien; kommuniziert im Leistungsbericht der MA 48 von 2012, S.71.
- Enotiko (2019). Perspective D’Une Filiere Rep Megots: Rapport D'Etat Des Lieux. Paris: Enotiko. S.3
- Roder Green et al. (2014). Littered cigarette butts as a source of nicotine in urban waters. Journal of Hydrology, 519, S. 3466–3474.
- Birger, N. (2020). Bald gibt es noch mehr Warnungen auf Zigarettenschachteln. Die Welt (online). 20.11.2020. Anmerkung: Leider erhielten wir auf mehrfache Bitte die zitierte Quelle näher zu beschreiben keine Antwort von der Stadtreinigung Hamburg.
- Reader’s Digest Deutschland (2009). 92 Prozent der Deutschen stören sich an wild entsorgtem Müll.
- Rath, J. M. et al. (2012). Cigarette Litter: Smokers’ Attitudes and Behaviors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(6), S. 2189–2203
- Slaughter, E. et al., ibid.. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation geht sogar von 7.000 Substanzen aus; WHO (2017). Tobacco and its environmental impact: an overview. Genf: Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation. S. 24
- Hon N.-S. (1977). Photodegradation of Cellulose Acetate Fibers. Journal of Polymer Science, 15, S. 725-744; Wicke, D. et al (2017). Spurenstoffe im Regenwasserabfluss Berlins. Korrespondenz Abwasser, Abfall, Nr. 5; Novotny, T. E. et al. (2009). Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(5), 1691–1705; Luke, J. A. (1991). Degradibility of filter materials and plastics packaging. In: BATCo meeting Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Packing and Product. British American Tobacco, 20, S. 401341580-401341583.
- Roder Green et al., ibid.
- Moriwaki, H. et al (2009). Waste on the roadside, ‘poi-sute’ waste: Its distribution and elution potential of pollutants into environment. Waste Management, 29(3), S. 1192–1197.
- Moerman, J. W. & Potts, G. E. (2011). Analysis of metals leached from smoked cigarette litter. Tobacco Control, 20(Suppl 1), S. i30–i35.;
Dobaradaran, S. et al (2017). Association of metals (Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn) with cigarette butts in northern part of the Persian Gulf. Tobacco Control, 26(4), 461–463. - z.B. Naturschutzbund Österreich (2018). Kleine Ursache, große Wirkung: Zigarettenstummel in der Umwelt. Online Dokument; eingesehen am 7.6.2019.
- Wright, S. L. et al. (2015). Bioaccumulation and biological effects of cigarette litter in marine worms. Scientific Reports, 5, S. 14119.; Micevska, T. et al. (2006). Variation in, and Causes of, Toxicity of Cigarette Butts to a Cladoceran and Microtox. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 50(2), S. 205–212.
- Parker, T. T., & Rayburn, J. (2017). A comparison of electronic and traditional cigarette butt leachate on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos. Toxicology Reports, 4, S. 77–82.
- Lee, W., & Lee, C. C. (2015). Developmental toxicity of cigarette butts – An underdeveloped issue. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113, S. 362–368.
- M Register, K. (2000). Cigarette Butts as Litter—Toxic as Well as Ugly. Bulletin of the American Littoral Society, 25. S. 23.-29
- Booth, D. J. et al. (2015). Impact of cigarette butt leachate on tidepool snails. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95(1), S. 362–364.
- Slaughter, E. et al., ibid.
- Hackendahl, N., & Sereda, C. (2004). The dangers of nicotine ingestion in dogs. Veterinary Medicine, 99(3), S. 218–24.
- Centre Antipoison de Lille (2004). Intoxication par les Cigarettes chez l'enfant. Online Dokument; eingesehen am 15.4.2021.
- Novotny, T. E. et al. (2011). Tobacco and cigarette butt consumption in humans and animals. Tobacco Control, 20(Suppl_1), S. i17–i20.
- Final Report of the Baltic Marine Litter Project MARLIN (2014). S.3.
- BUND Landesverband Bremen (n.d.). Warum Kippen schlecht für die Umwelt und unsere Gewässer sind. Online Dokument; eingesehen am 3.6.2019.
- NBC News (2018). Plastic straw ban? Cigarette butts are the single greatest source of ocean trash. Online Dokument; eingesehen am 15.4.2021.
- Puls, J. et al. (2011). Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 19(1), S. 152–165.
- Bonanomi, G. et al. (2015). Cigarette Butt Decomposition and Associated Chemical Changes Assessed by 13C CPMAS NMR. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0117393. Online Dokument; eingesehen am 7.6.2019.
- Green, D. S. et al. (2019). Cigarette butts have adverse effects on initial growth of perennial ryegrass (gramineae: Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (leguminosae: Trifolium repens L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 182, 109418.
- Watts, A. J. R. et al. (2015). Ingestion of Plastic Microfibers by the Crab Carcinus maenas and Its Effect on Food Consumption and Energy Balance. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(24), S. 14597–14604; Andrady, A. L. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8), 1596–1605.
- Miranda, D. de A., & de Carvalho-Souza, G. F. (2016). Are we eating plastic-ingesting fish? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 103(1), S. 109–114